11^th International Conference on Pollution Control & Sustainable Environment February 15-16, 2024 Rome, Italy

Environmental sullying began in light of growing the amount of businesses and due to making miserable damage to earth that is used for consistently human needs. There are some piece of factors causing the natural defilement like motor vehicles, businesses thus on. One of the worst issues that the world is confronting today is that of ecological contamination. It is expanding as time passes and making grave and hopeless harm the earth. Ecological contamination comprises of five essential sorts of contamination to be specific air, water, soil, noise and light. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), discharged from iceboxes, climate control systems, antiperspirants and bug anti-agents cause extreme harm to the Earth's condition. This gas has gradually harmed the climate and exhausted the ozone layer prompting an Earth-wide temperature boost. To put it plainly, ecological contamination only made by human, negatively affects the biological community. It also wrecking critical layers of it and causing a considerably progressively negative impact on it.

The energy obtained from geothermal heat, sunlight, tides, algae, rain, wind and plants comes under Green Energy. These are basically renewable energy sources. It is efficient power energy primarily includes normal energise procedures with practically little or zero contamination. Anaerobic absorption, elective vitality, geothermal power, intermittent occasion control,  little scale hydropower, biomass control, wind control, wave control, and numerous sorts of atomic power has a place with the efficient power vitality.

Renewable energy source requires normal procedures that are endlessly recharged. It includes water, geothermal heat, wind, tides, sunlight and different types of biomass. This Energy cannot be depreciated. And it is constantly recharged. It includes hydroelectricity/micro hydro, wind power, solar power, and biomass and bio fuels. Sustainable power source originates from non-customary vitality that is constantly recharged by characteristic procedures. It's pulled in a lot of consideration inside the on-going past because of weariness of petroleum products and inside the post for exchange vitality for a perfect and green future.

Most researchers concur that the Earth is in reality encountering increasing temperatures, and many trust that people are increasing this Global Warming pattern. The probable impacts of a worldwide temperature alteration won't be constrained to one nation—or even one mainland and will penetrate pretty much every part of the earth and of life. Potential impacts recorded here are only a bunch of those talked about in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) 2007 report raising ocean levels are the most widely recognized concern; occurring with a warm expansion of the seas—an after effect of water atoms growing in hotter temperatures, expanded precipitation, and the softening of mountain ice sheets. Since all waterways have shifting shapes and sea water tends to expand contrastingly relying upon its beginning temperature, the adjustment in ocean level isn't uniform over the outside of the Earth. In the twentieth century alone, ocean levels rose 0.17 meters forecasts for the following century go somewhere in the range of 0.18 to 0.59 meters. While littler projections would probably have just moderately unassuming effects, the higher projections could affect low-lying beach front networks.

Environmental change, additionally called a dangerous atmospheric deviation, alludes to the ascent in normal surface temperatures on Earth. Climatology- The investigation of Climate and its connection to plant and creature life. It suggests that it is critical in numerous fields including horticulture, aeronautics, drug, herbal science, zoology, topography, and geology. Changes in Climate influence the plant and creature life of a given region. It is also imperative in numerous fields, including horticulture, flight, medication, organic science, zoology, topography, and geology. The climate system consists of five interacting parts: hydrosphere (water), cryosphere (ice and permafrost), atmosphere (air), biosphere (living things) and lithosphere (earth crust and upper mantle).

The disposal, collection and transportation of wastes products, garbage and is known as Waste management. Waste management offer verity of solutions to recycling products that don’t belong to trash.

The process of converting waste materials into some new materials is known as Recycling.  The wastage of useful materials can be reduced by recycling thus it reduces energy usage, air pollution (incineration) and water pollution (from landfilling).

Bioenergy is the single biggest sustainable power source today; giving 10% of world essential vitality supply. It plays a crucial role in many developing countries, where it provides basic energy for cooking and space heating, but often at the price of severe health and environmental impacts. Biomass, a sustainable power source got from natural, for example, wood, crop waste, or trash, makes up 4.8 % of total U.S. energy utilization and around 12 % of all U.S. sustainable power source. Wood is the biggest biomass vitality source. In the U.S., there are as of now 227 biomass plants working. In the U.K., 35 are working.

A biofuel is a fuel that is delivered through contemporary organic procedures, for example, horticulture and anaerobic absorption, as opposed to a fuel created by topographical procedures, for example, those associated with the arrangement of non-renewable energy sources, for example, coal and oil, from ancient natural issue. Biofuels are delivered from living creatures or from metabolic results (natural or sustenance squander items). So as to be considered a biofuel the fuel must contain more than 80 % sustainable materials.

The conversion or degradation of toxic substance to less toxic substance or non-toxic substance by the use naturally occurring microorganism such as bacteria, yeast and fungi is known as Bioremediation. Bioremediation can be classified as in situ or ex situ. The treatment of contaminated soil or water at its location is known as in situ bioremediation. Whereas the excavation or pumping of contaminated soil or water before the treatment is known as ex situ bioremediation. Bioremediation can occur naturally or can be induced by the addition of Oxygen, fertilizers, etc., that will help in the growth of pollution-eating microbes. The involvement of plants in the bioremediation of pollutants is called as phytoremediation. The uses of various types of plants to destroy, remove, transfer and/or stabilize contaminants in the groundwater or soil is known as Phytoremediation.

The study of natural and biochemical phenomenon of nature especially which is impacted by humankind's activities is known as Environmental chemistry. It should not be confused with green chemistry, which seeks to reduce potential pollution at its source. It includes the study of heavy metal contamination of land by industry. And also nutrients leaching from agricultural land into water courses, which can results to algal blooms and eutrophication.                      

The branch of science which deals with the study biological and the physical aspects of the Ocean are known as Oceanography. It is basically  Earth science which includes ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics, waves, geology of the sea floor and also the fluxes of the of different chemical substance and physical properties in the Ocean and its nearby area. Marine biology or Oceanography basically works on issues such as environment balance, costal management, pollution, alternative energy and weather forecasting. It also involves discovering drug research resources, finding solutions to habitat destruction or developing solutions to limit invasive species. Nearly 50 years ago, less than two decades after the rise in commercial plastics production, plastics contamination in the marine environment was first reported when less than 50 million metric tons were produced annually. Global production of plastics exceeded 300 million metric tons per year in 2014. The heat content of the ocean decides the temperature of the surface of the ocean and influences the level of the ocean and streams. As ocean level ascents, flooding turns out to be more successive along the coastline. In recent decades, ocean levels of barometric carbon dioxide dissolving in water have turned out to be more acidic.

Geophysics is basically a natural science under which physical properties and the processes of Earth are studied. It also includes the study of surrounding space environment. In it the use of quantitative methods for their analysis is used. Its practical applications include exploration of mineral deposits. Also the subsurface structures can also be mapped which helps in the investigation of pollution and landfills. To tackle the Ecological issues, Natural Geophysics comes into play under which standard of geophysics is used. It incorporates Hydro geochemistry, Environmental Mineralogy, Soil Mechanics, Hydro geophysics etc.

The interpretation, acquisition, and the use of Knowledge of the Earth’s crust and earth material to overcome the engineering problems  by the use of engineering principles and the scientific methods is known as Geo-technics. Geo-technics is very useful at the early stage civil engineering project. It helps in the prevention of environmental risk due to human activities and other risk management.

The issue of human activities related to radioactive waste management has become a topical issue throughout the world with the development of nuclear energy application. Like Uranium mines and their inseparable satellites – radioactive waste repositories. The content of hazardous substances that migrate by air, dissolve into water bodies, or filter into groundwater differs from ordinary mine waste repositories. So, here comes the role of Geophysics and Geo-technics to overcome these problems.

The scientific study of natural geologic system and Earth is known as Geoscience. The investigation and the study of water, soil and Earth’s minerals are done. It also includes Environmental Geochemistry, Hydrogeology and Geomorphology. The application of geologic knowledge to identify, remediate and prevent the environmental problems that result from human activities is known as Environment Geology. The quantitative understanding of Earth system working and the current state evolved can be studied by the use of the tool of mathematics, chemistry, biology, physics, and chronology is done by Earth Scientists. Some Earth scientists are using their Earth knowledge to locate and develop mineral and energy resources. Two major geological subfields are Volcanology and Seismology. These sciences can assist in predicting the dangers and mitigating the effects of natural hazards such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, and landslides. 

Green Nanotechnology basically refers to the use of nanotechnology applications to improve the sustainability of processes that produce negative externalities in the environment. It also refers to the use of nanotechnology products to improve sustainability. It includes making Green Nano Products in support of sustainability and using Nano - products. The development of clean technological products to minimize or to stop the risk to the environment and living health due to nanotechnology product and also to encourage the replacement of existing products with new, more environmental friendly Nano products throughout their lifecycle. As a result of recent technologies, Green Applied Science has been depicted to mitigate potential environmental and human health risks related with the production and use of nanotechnology products and to enable the replacement of existing Nano - products. This technology provide the ideal nanomaterial for the treatment wastewater, surface water, ground water and other environment material contaminated by inorganic solutes, toxic metal ions, microorganism and organic solutes.

The branch of science which includes the study of interactions among organisms and their surroundings or environment is known as Ecology. The study objective is to analyse interactions among various organisms and their interaction with the abiotic components of environment. Ecology is the logical investigation of the relationships that determine the spread and wealth of living beings. Foreseeing and maintaining or adjusting the dissemination and fullness of different creatures are the essential goals of common asset management. The convincing administration of standard biological communities is based on natural information. An ecosystem is a community of living organisms that interacts as a system together and also with the non - living things of their environment. The energy flows via nutrient cycle and these biotic and abiotic (daylight, atmosphere, water, soil, minerals, etc.) components are interconnected together. Foreseeing and maintaining or altering the dispersion and fullness of different forms of life are the essential goals of normal asset management. The sustainable management of common environments is based on natural learning. There are different ways of study like theoretical studies, studies that monitor relevant ecosystems over long periods of time, studies that examine differences between ecosystems to clarify how they function and direct manipulative experiments.